Predicted increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may alter the susceptibility of many plants to insect herbivores due to changes in plant nutrition and defences. Silicon plays a critical role in plant defence against herbivores, so increasing such silicon-based defences in plants may help remediate situations where plants become more susceptible to herbivores. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) were subjected to fully factorial treatment combinations of ambient (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) atmospheric CO2 concentrations; ambient silicon or silicon supplementation; insect-free or subject to root herbivory by greyback canegrub (Dermolepida albohirtum). A glasshouse study was used to determine how these factors affected rates of photosynthesis, growth, chemistry (concentrations of silicon, carbon, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates). Changes in canegrub mass were determined in the glasshouse pot study, together with more detailed assessment of how eCO2 and silicon supplementation affected performance and feeding behaviour (relative growth rate and relative consumption) in a 24-hour feeding efficiency assay. eCO2 and silicon supplementation increased rates of photosynthesis (+32% and 14%, respectively) sugarcane biomass (+45% and 69%, respectively). Silicon supplementation increased silicon concentrations in both leaves and roots by 54% and 75%, respectively. eCO2 caused root C:N to increase by 12%. Canegrub performance and consumption increased under eCO2; relative growth rate (RGR) increased by 116% and consumed 57% more root material (suggestive of compensatory feeding). Silicon application reversed these effects, with large decreases in mass change, RGR and root consumption (65% less root mass consumed). Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could lead to increased crop damage by a below-ground herbivore. Increasing bioavailable silicon in soil stimulated silicon-based defences which dramatically decreased herbivory and herbivore performance. Our findings suggest future pest management strategies could benefit from characterising deficiencies in bioavailable silicon in agricultural soils and targeted application of silicon fertilisers. Moreover, future breeding programmes should exploit variation in silicon uptake between cultivars to enhance silicon uptake in new crop varieties. Silicon-based plant defence proved to be highly beneficial for remediating the negative effects of atmospheric change on sugarcane susceptibility to herbivory and could be applicable in other crops.
Usage notes
Insect feeding trial data
File containing data from the feeding trials. The column 'plant' is the identifier and can be used in conjunction with 'treatments' file for analysis. canegrub_feedingtrial.csv
Leaf CN
Carbon and nitrogen data from sugarcane leaves. The 'plant' column is the identifier to be used in conjunction with the 'treatments' file for analysis. leaf_CN.csv
Sugarcane photosynthesis
Photosynthesis data from each measuring 'event' throughout the experiment. The 'plant' column is the identifier to be used in conjunction with the 'treatments' file for analysis. photosynthesis.csv
Root CN
Carbon and nitrogen data from sugarcane roots. The 'plant' column is the identifier to be used in conjunction with the 'treatments' file for analysis. root_CN.csv
Leaf silicon
Data from silicon analysis of sugarcane leaves. The 'plant' column is the identifier to be used in conjunction with the 'treatments' file for analysis. silicon_leaves.csv
Root silicon
Data from silicon analysis of sugarcane roots. The 'plant' column is the identifier to be used in conjunction with the 'treatments' file for analysis. silicon_roots.csv treatments
Identifier file to allow allocation of 'plant' to treatment combinations for analysis.
Root total non structural carbs
Data from the total non-structural carbohydrate analysis of sugarcane roots. The 'plant' column is the identifier and should be used in combination with the 'treatments' file for analysis.
TNC_roots.csv
biomass
Biomass data from sugarcane plants. The column 'plant' is the identifier and can be used in conjunction with 'treatments' file for analysis.
pot trial
Data from pot trial on insect performance including controls accounting for direct effects of treatments on insects.
Date made available | 12 Oct 2017 |
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Publisher | Dryad |
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