A 3-D topology evolution scheme with self-adaption for industrial Internet of Things

The complex factory environment of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) greatly increases the energy consumption of sensor nodes and reduces production profits. Especially, in mines, the terrain will change continuously as the mining progresses. Additionally, the heavy traffic load on a single sink node and the unbalanced load on multiple sink nodes also reduce the battery life. Therefore, how to build an energy-efficient topology based on the unique mine terrain characteristics is a critical issue. To address this problem, this article proposes a 3-D topology evolution scheme with self-adaption for mining areas (3D-TES) to reduce energy consumption. We build the multipeak terrain model according to the characteristics of the mining environment. Blocked by the undulating peaks on the mine, the strength of the node signal is quantified by the slope and aspect. The 3D-TES is then applied to determine the optimal number of sink nodes and find the best data transmission path between sensor nodes and multiple sink nodes. The experimental results show that 3D-TES outperforms the directed angulation toward the sink node model (DASM) in terms of reliability, average path length, and data load on sink nodes.