A randomized controlled implementation study integrating patient self-screening with a remote central monitoring system to screen community dwellers aged 75 years and older for atrial fibrillation

Aims. Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) provides opportunities to reduce stroke risk. This study aimed to compare AF diagnosis rates, participant satisfaction, and feasibility of an electrocardiogram (ECG) self-screening virtual care system with usual care. Methods and results. This randomized controlled implementation study involving community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years was conducted from May 2021 to June 2023. Participants were given a handheld single-lead ECG device and trained to self-record ECGs once daily on weekdays for 12 months. The control group received usual care with their general practitioners in the first 6 months and participated in the subsequent 6 months. Atrial fibrillation diagnosis and participant satisfaction were assessed at 6 months. Two hundred participants (mean age 79.0 ± 3.4 years; 54.0% female; 72.5% urban) were enrolled. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 10/97 (10.3%) intervention participants and 2/100 (2.0%) in the control group (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4–37.3, P = 0.03). In the intervention, 80% of AF cases were diagnosed within 3 months. 91/93 (97.9%) intervention participants and 55/93 (59.1%) control-waitlisted participants (P < 0.001) were satisfied with AF screening. Of the expected 20 days per month, the overall monthly median number of days participants self-recorded ECGs was 20 (interquartile range 17–22). Participants were confident using the device (93%), reported it was easy to use (98%), and found screening efficient (96%). Conclusion. Patient-led AF self-screening using single-lead ECG devices with a remote central monitoring system was feasible, acceptable, and effective in diagnosing AF among older people. This screening model could be adapted for implementation, interfacing with integrated care models within existing health systems.