Advancements in lung regeneration: from bench to bedside

Lung disorders rank among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, presenting a critical challenge in healthcare. The underlying limited regenerative capacity of the lung makes this an unmet clinical need, often necessitating lung transplantation for patients with severe lung disease. However, the lack of viable donor organs underscores the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive understanding of the structure of lung tissue and the complexities inherent in its regeneration. In this review, we explore recent breakthroughs in lung regenerative medicine, highlighting innovative approaches aimed at tackling lung and tracheal diseases. From stem cell and cell-based therapies to the utilization of biological and synthetic materials, as well as the strategic deployment of growth factors, a diverse array of strategies is being explored to rejuvenate lung function. By critical analysis of in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging technology of lung regeneration research, shedding light on promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions.