Analytical description of pinching, degrading, and sliding in a bilinear hysteretic system

A differential model is presented to show the behavior of general hysteretic systems considering all relevant structural characteristics, including pinching, stiffness degradation, load deterioration, and sliding. This model is generated based on Mostaghel's model, which already includes all of these characteristics except sliding. Thus, an attempt is made to develop the model to also cover sliding. A single-degreeof- freedom system is used to develop the hysteretic model by writing a system of ordinary differential equations. The proposed model captures the key features of the hysteretic cycles of any structure using some measurable system parameters through tests. A few examples of bilinear systems excited by harmonic loads are provided to show that the descriptions of the force-displacement performance of general hysteretic systems are realistic.