Bangladesh 2.0: Bold and Altruistic Reform Strategies and Actions

Bangladesh began its journey as an independent progressive country in 1971. However, its politics and governance have a history marked by uncertainty and violence (Sarker, 2006). Between 1975 and 1990, Bangladesh experienced political assassinations, military coups and autocracy. Parliamentary democracy was restored in 1991 through political struggle and sacrifice. Despite this, the country's governance has not significantly improved (Osman, 2010). Political instability remains a major challenge, with hostile relationships between two major political parties posing a significant obstacle to good governance and democracy (Osman, 2010; Huque, 2011). From 2009 to 2024, Bangladesh's democratic system significantly declined as the government cracked down on human rights, political movements, and freedom of speech (Bari, 2021; Lorch, 2021; Niazi, 2024; Riaz, 2022).