Basic concepts of solar-to-chemical energy conversion by oxide semiconductors

The purpose of this work is to consider the basic concepts on the present state of understanding of photocatalytic energy conversion using oxide semiconductors. This work also considers the approaches in derivation of theoretical models that allow explanation of the effect of properties on the performance of oxide-based photocatalysts in photocatalytic water oxidation. In this work we show that the performance of photocatalytic systems must be considered in terms of a range of the key performance-related properties (KPPs) that, in addition to the band gap, include the concentration of surface active sites, charge transport and Fermi level. Taking into account that all these KPPs are related to defect disorder, defect engineering may be applied in processing oxide semiconductors with optimal properties that are required to exhibit maximised performance in solar-to-chemical energy conversion.