Bioindicadores para el monitoreo de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistemicos del suelo

Soil is crucial for the long-term sustainability of agricultural/agrarian systems and the environment. Agricultural systems affect all soil components and can have a deep impact on soil biodiversity. Since soil biodiversity plays a crucial role in providing ecosystem services, supporting soil multifunctionality and bringing value to humanity, it is necessary to monitor, conserve, restore and improve it. Soil biodiversity can be measured through abundance, composition, functionality, interactions, and processes that will allow preserving soil and its functionality for present and future generations. Therefore, the objective of this article is to identify and describe different bioindicators of soil microbial biodiversity to integrate them into sustainable soil management policies. Measurements of different bioindicators such as total organic carbon, microbial carbon biomass, soil respiration, enzymatic activities related to the C, N and P cycles, DNA metabarcoding, microscopy, and network analysis, among others, will help us monitor soil health and make appropriate de cisions for sustainable agricultural management under the current scenario of global change.