Challenges in accessing cancer care among ethnic cancer patients: A systematic review

Objectives: Ethnic cancer patients (ECPs) in Western countries have been consistently reported as an underserved group in cancer care, with evidence showing lower quality of life compared with native-born populations. This review examined the challenges encountered by ECPs across the cancer trajectory and how these challenges influenced their care experiences. Methods: A systematic review using a convergent approach was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Primary studies were identified through comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Results: Thirteen studies from seven Western countries, involving patients from multiple ethnic groups, were included. Reported challenges clustered into four main areas: ineffective communication, insufficient informational support, cultural barriers and institutional barriers. The findings indicated that these challenges had a significant negative impact on ECPs’ experiences with cancer care throughout the journey. Conclusions: The challenges identified in the review appear consistent across different cultural groups and healthcare systems, suggesting that this reflects broader structural issues rather than isolated cases. Although the importance of inclusiveness and equity in healthcare, including cancer care, has been well recognised in many Western countries, reducing disparities in immigrant populations in cancer care remains an ongoing priority that demands sustained commitment, continuous evaluation, and targeted strategies. Practice implications: Further development and wider implementation of culturally responsive strategies are required. These include integrating cultural navigators, expanding interpreter services, and developing culturally specific support programs. Future work should evaluate the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions and explore innovative approaches to improve communication, access, and patient–provider relationships for ECPs.