Characterization of the solution properties of Pichia farinosa killer toxin using PGSE NMR diffusion measurements

The solution behaviour with respect to pH and NaCl concentration of the tertiary structure and propensity for aggregation of salt-mediated killer toxin (SMKT) from Pichia farinosa was examined using pulsed-gradient spin- echo NMR diffusion measurements. It was found that in 0.15 m NaCl the tertiary structure of SMKT was constant below pH 5.0, with the native SMKT existing as an unaggregated heterodimer containing the β-subunit in a compactly folded form. However, above pH 5.0 the β-subunit dissociated and lost its compact structure, becoming a random coil with an ~-37% increase in effective hydrodynamic radius. To determine the effects of NaCl concentration on the ternary structure of SMKT, diffusion measurements were performed at pH 3.5 and NaCl concentrations up to 2 M. Both the tertiary structure and aggregation state of SMKT were found to be insensitive to the salt concentration which indicates that the activity of the toxin is not a direct result of salt-protein interactions.