Chew and spit (CHSP) : an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)

Chew and Spit (CHSP) is a prevalent disordered eating symptom and has been thought to be associated with a number of adverse effects. In the current study, 18 participants (> 90% female, aged between 18 and 51) took part in answering questions about their experiences, struggles, concerns, methods of coping, and personal meaning of CHSP and how it has impacted their lives. Data collection and analysis were conducted in accordance with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology. Findings revealed 7 primary themes of CHSP, which highlighted that CHSP may be: (1) associated with negative emotions - primarily shame; (2) exacerbated by stress and may be a mechanism to help regain control; (3) temporarily provides pleasure; (4) a distraction or form of escapism; (5) a self-soothing or coping mechanism; (6) addictive, ritualistic, and similar to other eating disorders in that it can become part of an individual's self-identity; and (7) adversely impacting psychological, physiological, and social health. Some of the identified superordinate themes were in line with previous studies hypotheses. However, overall the findings indicated that individuals who CHSP are often embroiled in what they may perceive as a struggle, with no specific, efficacious, approach to helping them control the behavior. Future studies should focus on the treatment of CHSP, including treatment of CHSP as a potential primary symptom of pathological eating. Moreover, the perceived implications of engaging in CHSP should be examined more closely, with clinicians screening for the behavior and carefully considering their approach when attempting to treat patients for CHSP.