Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 and its role in neurodegenerative disorders and cancerous tumors

Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is a highly conserved intracellular anion channel protein, thought to perform significant roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The novelty of its properties by which it can exist in soluble globular form and as integral membrane protein have earned it much interest. While the absolute functional role of CLIC1 is still debated, it is undoubtedly established that activation of CLIC1 increases membrane chloride ion permeability. The versatility of its redox regulated structural transitions has led to its addition to the rare category of metamorphic proteins. Although the exact functions of CLIC1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis still remain to be elucidated, several studies strongly indicate the possible involvement of CLIC1 up regulation in various disease states including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, implying its significance as a potent drug target. The objective of this review is to explore its structural novelty, regulation and roles in pathologies delineating its significance in neurodegenerative diseases.