TY - JOUR
T1 - Common neuropsychiatric S ymptoms in alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and subjective memory complaints : a unified framework
AU - Warren, S. L.
AU - Hamza, E. A.
AU - Tindle, R.
AU - Reid, E.
AU - Whitfield, Paige
AU - Doumit, Adam
AU - Moustafa, A. A.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum is a unique spectrum of cognitive impairment that typically involves the stages of subjective memory complaints (SMC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as apathy, anxiety, stress, and depression, are highly common throughout the AD continuum. However, there is a dearth of research on how these NPS vary across the AD continuum, especially SMC. There is also disagreement on the effects of specific NPS on each stage of the AD continuum due to their collinearity with other NPS, cognitive decline, and environmental factors (e.g., stress). In this article, we conduct a novel perspective review of the scientific literature to understand the presence of NPS across the AD continuum. Specifically, we review the effects of apathy, depression, anxiety, and stress in AD, MCI, and SMC. We then build on this knowledge by proposing two theories of NPS’ occurrence across the AD continuum. Consequently, we highlight the current landscape, limitations (e.g., differing operationalization), and contentions surrounding the NPS literature. We also outline theories that could clear up contention and inspire future NPS research.
AB - The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum is a unique spectrum of cognitive impairment that typically involves the stages of subjective memory complaints (SMC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as apathy, anxiety, stress, and depression, are highly common throughout the AD continuum. However, there is a dearth of research on how these NPS vary across the AD continuum, especially SMC. There is also disagreement on the effects of specific NPS on each stage of the AD continuum due to their collinearity with other NPS, cognitive decline, and environmental factors (e.g., stress). In this article, we conduct a novel perspective review of the scientific literature to understand the presence of NPS across the AD continuum. Specifically, we review the effects of apathy, depression, anxiety, and stress in AD, MCI, and SMC. We then build on this knowledge by proposing two theories of NPS’ occurrence across the AD continuum. Consequently, we highlight the current landscape, limitations (e.g., differing operationalization), and contentions surrounding the NPS literature. We also outline theories that could clear up contention and inspire future NPS research.
UR - https://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:78469
U2 - 10.2174/0115672050255489231012072014
DO - 10.2174/0115672050255489231012072014
M3 - Article
SN - 1567-2050
VL - 20
SP - 459
EP - 470
JO - Current Alzheimer Research
JF - Current Alzheimer Research
IS - 7
ER -