Comparative assessment of antibiofilm and antioxidant activities between curcuma longa silver nano particles and ethanolic extract of curcuma longa

Biofilms demonstrate multidrug resistance and present challenges for therapies. Notably, organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major contributors to biofilm-related infections. Various strategies are employed to address antibiotic resistance vulnerabilities. Researchers are investigating the potential of plants and phytochemicals to overcome these challenges, with green nanosynthesis emerging as a promising strategy against antibiotic resistance. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a commonly used spice valued for its potent medicinal properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-biofilm activities. This study encompasses the ethanolic extraction of Curcuma longa (C. longaE) and the qualitative identification of its constituents using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Additionally, it also includes the synthesis and characterization of Curcuma longa silver nanoparticles (C. longaAgNPs), along with a comparative assessment of the antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of C. longaE and C. longaAgNPs. The TLC and GCMS– results show the presence of curcuminoids, Ar-tumerone, and curlone as major constituents in C. longaE. The C. longaAgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet (UV) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and DLS analysis. The DLS analysis shows that C. longaAgNPs had a hydrodynamic diameter of 153 ± 0.75 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.199 ± 0.0043. The IC50 value for the antioxidant activity of C. longaAgNPs was significantly lower at 19.972 ± 0.148 µg/ml when compared with the C. longaE, which measured 63.262 ± 0.928 µg/ml. The IC50 values for the antibiofilm activity of C. longaAgNPs were significantly lower at 0.1963 ± 0.0120 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and 0.1681 ± 0.0259 mg/ml for S. aureus compared to the IC50 values of C. longaE, which measured 2.043 ± 0.0831 mg/ml and 0.8758 ± 0.0325 mg/ml, respectively. The C. longaAgNPs show significantly higher antioxidant and antibiofilm properties than C. longaE.