Consensus of multiple second-order vehicles with a time-varying reference signal under directed topology

This paper investigates two kinds of different consensus strategies for multi-vehicle systems with a time-varying reference velocity under directed communication topology, where the systems are modeled by double-integrator dynamics. For the fixed communication topology case, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for all the vehicles with reference velocity to reach consensus by the use of a new graphic methodology. We then extend this method to deal with the general case, that is, both the communication topologies and weighting factors are dynamically changing. In particular, it is shown that all the vehicles can reach consensus even though the dynamically changing interaction topology may not have a globally reachable node.