Contemporary challenges to the U.S.-led liberal international order from the United States and the rising powers of China and Russia

The liberal international order, established immediately after the Second World War and led by the United States, faces potentially its greatest challenges in decades. The continuation of U.S.’ hegemonic leadership of the liberal international order is being challenged by U.S. domestic factors and Trump Administration policies, and by the emergence of the rising regional powers of China and Russia. This article examines some of the contemporary challenges to the U.S.-led liberal international order presented by China and Russia, as well as developments related to the United States that have impacted upon the liberal international order.