Continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes mellitus: hope or hype?

Thora Y. Chai; Samuel Leathwick; Mukesh M. Agarwal; David B. Sacks; David Simmons

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112389

Continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes mellitus: hope or hype?

Thora Y. Chai, Samuel Leathwick, Mukesh M. Agarwal, David B. Sacks, David Simmons

School of Medicine

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Abstract

The screening, diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have evolved over time. Similarly, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has advanced in parallel: from intermittent to real-time monitoring, shorter to longer wear-time and poor to increased precision. Thus, CGM has replaced multiple glucose fingerstick testing in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), including pregnant women with T1D. Despite its advantages, the uptake of CGM in women with GDM remains limited. Doubts persist over its cost, accuracy and optimal utilisation, besides there is paucity of evidence supporting its use in both diagnosis and management. This review summarises the current clinical evidence, benefits and limitations of using CGM in pregnant women with GDM. Like T1D, only larger pointed studies and randomised controlled trials will clarify the value of CGM in GDM.

Original language	English
Article number	112389
Number of pages	14
Journal	Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume	227
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112389
Publication status	Published - Sept 2025

Keywords

Continuous glucose monitoring
Diagnosis
Early GDM
Early pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Glucose thresholds
HbA1c
Large-for-gestational-age
Late GDM
Oral glucose tolerance test
Perinatal complications
Pregnancy outcomes
Prognosis
Small-for-gestational-age

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Full textFinal published version, 2.2 MBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes mellitus: hope or hype?",

abstract = "The screening, diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have evolved over time. Similarly, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has advanced in parallel: from intermittent to real-time monitoring, shorter to longer wear-time and poor to increased precision. Thus, CGM has replaced multiple glucose fingerstick testing in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), including pregnant women with T1D. Despite its advantages, the uptake of CGM in women with GDM remains limited. Doubts persist over its cost, accuracy and optimal utilisation, besides there is paucity of evidence supporting its use in both diagnosis and management. This review summarises the current clinical evidence, benefits and limitations of using CGM in pregnant women with GDM. Like T1D, only larger pointed studies and randomised controlled trials will clarify the value of CGM in GDM.",

keywords = "Continuous glucose monitoring, Diagnosis, Early GDM, Early pregnancy, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Glucose thresholds, HbA1c, Large-for-gestational-age, Late GDM, Oral glucose tolerance test, Perinatal complications, Pregnancy outcomes, Prognosis, Small-for-gestational-age",

author = "Chai, {Thora Y.} and Samuel Leathwick and Agarwal, {Mukesh M.} and Sacks, {David B.} and David Simmons",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112389",

language = "English",

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AU - Chai, Thora Y.

AU - Leathwick, Samuel

AU - Agarwal, Mukesh M.

AU - Sacks, David B.

AU - Simmons, David

PY - 2025/9

Y1 - 2025/9

N2 - The screening, diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have evolved over time. Similarly, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has advanced in parallel: from intermittent to real-time monitoring, shorter to longer wear-time and poor to increased precision. Thus, CGM has replaced multiple glucose fingerstick testing in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), including pregnant women with T1D. Despite its advantages, the uptake of CGM in women with GDM remains limited. Doubts persist over its cost, accuracy and optimal utilisation, besides there is paucity of evidence supporting its use in both diagnosis and management. This review summarises the current clinical evidence, benefits and limitations of using CGM in pregnant women with GDM. Like T1D, only larger pointed studies and randomised controlled trials will clarify the value of CGM in GDM.

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KW - Continuous glucose monitoring

KW - Diagnosis

KW - Early GDM

KW - Early pregnancy

KW - Gestational diabetes mellitus

KW - Glucose thresholds

KW - HbA1c

KW - Large-for-gestational-age

KW - Late GDM

KW - Oral glucose tolerance test

KW - Perinatal complications

KW - Pregnancy outcomes

KW - Prognosis

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VL - 227

JO - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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M1 - 112389

ER -

Continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes mellitus: hope or hype?

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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