Cost-effectiveness of strain-targeted cardioprotection for prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity

Background: Cancer chemotherapy increases the risk of heart failure. This cost-effectiveness model compared strain-guided cardioprotection with other protective strategies using a health care payer perspective and five-year time horizon. Methods: Three cardioprotection strategies were assessed: 1) usual care (EF-guided cardioprotection, EFGCP) with cardioprotection initiated on diagnosis of LVEF-defined cardiotoxicity (EF-CTX), 2) universal cardioprotection (UCP) for all such patients, and 3) strain-guided cardioprotection (SGCP treatment of patients with subclinical cardiotoxicity [S-CTX]). A Markov model, informed by the published literature on transitional probabilities, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was developed to assess the incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs, effects and ICER of each specified cardioprotective strategy were assessed over a 5-year range, with sensitivity analyses for significant variables. Results: In the reference case of a 49 year old woman with stage IIb breast cancer treated with sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab, strain-guided cardioprotection (3.79 QALYS and $4159 cost over 5 years) dominated both UCP (3.64 QALYs and $5967 cost over 5 years) and EFGCP (3.53 QALYs and $7033 cost over five years). Model results were dependent on the probabilities of patients developing subclinical LV dysfunction, with UCP dominating alternative strategies at probabilities ≥51%. Variations in the cost of cardioprotective medications and probabilities of cardioprotection side-effects had no effect on model conclusions. Conclusions: In patients at risk of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity, strain-guided cardioprotection provides more QALYs at lower cost than standard care or uniform cardioprotection.