Critical analysis of the barriers, drivers and key stakeholders of ESG reporting in public–private partnership projects: a systematic review

Purpose – The transition from corporate social responsibility to environmental, social and governance (ESG) has brought realised benefits to businesses, including increased investor favourability, increased financial performance and enhanced brand image. Unearthing the barriers, drivers and key interested stakeholders of ESG reporting in public–private partnership (PPP) project is crucial for improving the ESG outlook of a project. While research studies have identified a range of barriers, other works have identified how these can be addressed. This study aims to uncover the critical barriers and drivers of ESG reporting and explores how they can be turned into facilitators. Design/methodology/approach – This study meta-analysed and synthesised empirical studies by undertaking a systematic review. Findings – Seven main barriers, six drivers and interested parties of ESG reporting of PPP projects have been identified. Significant barriers to ESG reporting of PPP project includes insufficient understanding of ESG benefits, lack of standardised reporting frameworks and the cost involved in ESG reporting. Also, key drivers for ESG reporting comprise of regulatory disclosure demands and improved project performance. Addressing these barriers and leveraging the drivers is crucial for the successful integration of ESG reporting within PPP projects for enhanced sustainability performance and long-term project success. PPP projects encompass a diverse group of stakeholders each with a vested interest in the sustainability and governance outcomes of a project. These groups form a complex network of interests that drive the need for transparent and robust ESG reporting. Originality/value – This study unearths significant barriers and drivers to ESG reporting in PPP projects providing the significant motivators to ESG reporting uptake and critical challenges. The findings of this study advocate for policies that factor the importance of ESG reporting, thereby enhancing PPPs commitment to sustainable practices.