Current landscape of novel therapeutic agents and drug targets in irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel disease or syndrome (IBD/IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal tract problem affecting approximately 4% of the total population of the world. Choosing effective pharmacological treatments for IBS is still challenging due to the existence of a heterogeneous type of patient population, diverse expectations, limited availability of effective drugs, and incompletely understood pathophysiology of the disease. Recent advancements in pharmacological research have increasingly focused on neurotransmitter dysfunctions, particularly targeting serotonin and GABA pathways. Therapeutic approaches include the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and 5-HT4 receptor agonists to regulate gastrointestinal motility and sensitivity. Meanwhile, GABA-analogous medications remain underutilized despite their potential to alleviate visceral pain. This study briefly overviews IBS, highlighting its symptoms, potential causes, and chronic nature. Despite its significant societal burden, IBS often lacks attention, necessitating further research to understand its actual costs. The significance of identifying novel therapeutic agents and drug targets in IBS is underscored, offering improved treatment efficacy, reduced side effects, and the potential for personalized medicine. This article aims to explore neuro-immune interactions, evaluate new treatments, and enhance the understanding of IBS to improve treatment outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of identifying innovative therapeutic approaches and drug targets.