Developing a conceptual framework for an eco-friendly smart urban living

Smart mobility and transit-oriented development (TOD) are closely intertwined with smart urban living in developing a smart city. A number of initiatives were taken through smart mobility or TOD projects to ensure smart urban living over time. However, there is a lack of consistent approach to combining smart mobility and TOD for smart urban living. The connection between TOD and smart mobility performance indicators remains unexplored for smart urban living. Therefore, the study aim was to develop a conceptual framework for eco-friendly smart urban living with the integration of TOD and smart mobility performance indicators. A compendious literature search was conducted to identify the smart mobility and TOD performance indicators. A Delphi questionnaire was also used to rank the indicators by experts. The eco-friendly smart urban living framework was developed with the integration of smart mobility and TOD performance indicators. This study found eight TOD performance indicators, namely utilization of transit nodes, user-friendliness of a transit system, parking at the station, walkability and cyclability, land-use diversity, access and accessibility, density, and economic development, that needed to be considered to design a city for smart living. Six smart mobility indicators, namely, location efficiency, reliable mobility, health and safety, environmental stewardship, social equity, and robust economy, were also identified and included in the smart urban living framework due to their importance to ensure smart living environments. Future research should test this framework using local data in different geographical settings.