Developing a model for the implementation of designing out waste in construction

Waste mitigation is recognised as the most effective strategy for managing construction and demolition waste. Designing out Waste (DoW) is an approach aimed at reducing waste during construction and demolition by improving project planning and design. Despite its recognition, limited research has been conducted on the factors influencing the implementation of DoW in construction. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on DoW practices, barriers, and enablers from 76 construction practitioners in New South Wales, Australia. A model was developed and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate a significant relationship between DoW practices and two key barriers: Design-related Barriers and Lack of Experience and Skills. The results also show a significant relationship between Enablers and DoW. Three significant enabling variables identified in this study, which are good communication and coordination, Building Information Modelling (BIM), and utilisation of prefabrication, precast and 3D printing. However, no moderating influence of the enablers was identified in the relationship between the barriers and DoW practices. Through the developed model, this research provides insights into implementing DoW in construction by addressing multifaceted barriers and implementing interventions for effective waste reduction.