Developing a vulnerability to negative affect in dementia scale (VNADS) for music interventions

![CDATA[As many as 20% of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 30% of people with dementia with Lewy bodies may also have major depressive disorder (MDD) (Whitfield et al., 2015). Similarly, 33% of people with frontotemporal dementia have depressive symptoms (Chakrabarty, Sepehry, Jacova, & Hsiung, 2015), and 63% of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may also have MDD (Panza et al., 2010). Along with the high rates of comorbidity between depression and dementia, there is also strong evidence of a bi-directional relationship. Depressive episodes in later life can increase the risk of developing dementia by up to three times (Brommelhoff et al., 2009), and people with MCI are twice as likely to develop AD if they also have MDD (Ownby, Crocco, Acevedo, John, & Loewensteing, 2006). In addition, the presence of depression seems to increase the rates of cognitive and functional decline as well as hasten institutionalization in people with dementia (Potter & Steffens, 2007).]]