Disability and dementia care in Ghana: a political economy review

There is a growing policy conversation on disability and dementia care in Ghana due to the rising prevalence rates and emerging advocacy activities. However, progress towards securing human rights and improving the well-being of persons with disability and those with dementia is slow and staggered. This political economy review examines how persons with disability and dementia are cared for, paying attention to the institutional, legislative, and policy arrangements that support this care. The review approach involves institutional and policy mapping of Ghana’s efforts at safeguarding the rights and well-being of persons with disability and dementia within the broader national healthcare and social policy frameworks. Findings show that although several pieces of legislation exist in Ghana, little attention is paid to meaningful actions towards caring for persons with disability and dementia. Surprisingly, the Disability and Mental Health Acts do not recognise dementia-specific provisions and interventions. The review further shows that Ghana’s approach to disability and dementia care is still shrouded in cultural and spiritual connotations despite the strong legislative and institutional environment. Limited public financing exists, and little interagency coordination to harmonise actions and care. These systemic and structural weaknesses have implications for a meaningful commitment to caring for persons with disability and dementia. To remain on track towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) on health and equity, Ghana needs a dedicated public funding arrangement, stronger interagency coordination, and a more robust advocacy environment for dementia and disability. It is also important to strengthen public data management on disability and dementia to promote inclusion and secure the well-being of those affected.