Effect of exoskeleton devices on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among healthcare workers: a scoping review

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have been a concern among healthcare workers, impacting their well-being and patient safety. Exoskeleton technologies have gained a growing interest as an ergonomic intervention for WMSDs. This scoping review explores exoskeleton effects on WMSDs among healthcare workers. A comprehensive search identified 9 eligible studies published in English between 2013 and 2023. Exoskeletons showed promising effects on objective measures, selectively reducing muscle activation in a task-dependent manner. They also improved force exertion and body posture parameters in specific scenarios. Subjectively, exoskeletons reduced discomfort, pain, fatigue, and received positive perceptions with acceptable usability. However, the impact on perceived exertion varied with tasks. While exoskeletons have shown potential in enhancing healthcare workers' well-being and performance, more work is required to refine their effectiveness and maximise benefits in different healthcare settings. The study revealed the need for standardised methodologies, consideration of participant characteristics, and optimisation of exoskeleton design.