Efficacy of cognitive remediation on activities of daily living in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia : a systematic review and meta-analysis

![CDATA[AIMS Inpatient falls are common adverse events in hospitals, particularly among older adults who are at high risk. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of falls in elderly inpatients and investigate the factors influencing more than moderate fall injuries. METHODS Based on the China National Database of Nursing Quality, the data of 5143 elderly inpatients who reported fall in 67 hospitals in Hunan, China from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed. The clinical characteristics were described, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influence factors of more than moderate fall injures. RESULTS Among the 5143 elderly inpatients who experienced falls, 2955 (57.5%) were male and 2188 (42.5%) were female. The highest prevalence of falls (42.0%) was reported in the internal medicine wards. Most falls occurred between 4-8 a.m. (23.6%). The most common activities during falls were using the toilet (38.2%) and getting in/out of bed (18.5%). Approximately 48.8% of falls occurred in elderly inpatients who were free to move. The overall fall injury rate was 63.2%, with 75.0% classified as no or mild fall injuries and 25.0% as more than moderate fall injuries. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, ward, mobility, and activity type were independent risk factors for more than moderate fall injuries (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Falls in elderly inpatients are more common in internal medicine wards, female, free-moving patients, mainly happened when they were using the toilet, and most often occurred in 4-8 a.m. The fall injuries rate was at a moderately to high level. More than moderate fall injures were influenced by a few factors, and the management to internal medicine wards and female ambulant patients should be strengthened, and attention should be especially paid to elderly inpatients when they are going to toilet.]]