Ethnicity influences cardiovascular outcomes and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim To determine whether cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) differ according to ethnicity, and whether ethnicity influences the effect of gender on these outcomes in Caucasians, East-Southeast-Asians, Middle-Easterners, South-Asians and Pacific-Islanders. Methods We compared demographics, HbA1c, lipid profile, renal function markers, and prevalence of macrovascular and microvascular complications between ethnic groups. Cross-sectional data was prospectively collected from 204 consecutive patients at Westmead Hospital's T2D clinic from April–October 2015. Univariate analysis was performed using chi-squared test for categorical data, and Mann-Whitney-U or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data. Results Compared to Caucasians, South-Asians were diagnosed younger, were currently younger, had lower body-mass-index (BMI) and better renal function but higher rates of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, 21.7% versus 3.5%, p < 0.05). East-Southeast-Asians had lower BMI but more nephropathy than Caucasians (59% versus 39%, p < 0.05). East-Southeast-Asian males had fewer CVD than Caucasians, but this protection was absent in East-Southeast-Asian females. Middle-Easterners had more non-STEMI than Caucasians (5.3% vs 3.5%, p < 0.05). Middle-Eastern females were not at lower CVD risk than males. Caucasians had most PVD (20% versus 6%, p < 0.05). Conclusions Ethnicity influences rates of diabetes-related complications. Female CVD protection is altered in some groups. Ethnicity should be considered in assessing CVD and complications risk.