Evaluation of digital panoramic images to support off-site bloodstain pattern analysis

Crime scene photography plays a fundamental role in forensic investigations. Its primary purpose is the recording of the entire crime scene, both the context and specific details, for later recollection, analysis and presentation. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) relies extensively on the recording of context and detail. This study evaluated the use of panoramic imaging for the recording of impact patterns at crime scenes to support the off-site determination of area of origin (AO). This evaluation used a commercially available hardware system that consisted of a robotized, tripod-mounted platform, interfaced with a digital camera, to provide an automated panoramic image capture process. Software was subsequently used to construct a digital panorama. Bloodstain pattern analysis software was then used for the off-site determination of AO from the panoramic image. The results of this research demonstrated that the developed method can be employed to effectively capture a panoramic image of an impact pattern with sufficient detail for accurate AO determination. The approach can enable crime scene officers to record impact patterns without extensive training on BPA or the recording of blood spatter. The approach also enables BPA experts to digitally analyse spatter information from a single image as opposed to evaluating multiple photographs