Examining the level and distribution of catastrophic health expenditure from 2013 to 2018 : a province-level study in China

Since 2018, 96.8% of China's population has received universal health coverage; however, changes in the general population's level and distribution of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) remain unclear. This study aims to quantify the incidence and intensity of CHE by adopting a multistage stratified random sampling procedure that used a threshold of 25% of non-food household expenditures. We use the concentration index to measure the extent of inequality in CHE. Furthermore, logistic regression was applied to identify the socio-demographic and economic determinants of CHE, thereby revealing that the incidence and intensity of CHE increased between 2013 and 2018. A greater concentration of CHE was identified in low-income households. Our results imply that expanding the existing public health insurance benefit packages and introducing universal supplementary private insurance to more population segments is necessary.