Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Mohsen Naghavi; Heather M. Orpana; Laurie B. Marczak; Megha Arora; Nooshin Abbashi; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Zegeye Abebe; Haftom Niguse Abraha; Mohsen Afarideh; Mahdi Afshari; Alireza Ahmadi; Amani Nidhal Aichour; Ibtihel Aichour; Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour; Nadia Akseer; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Fares Alahdab; Ala'a Alkerwi; Peter Allebeck; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nahla H. Anber; Mina Anjomshoa; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Amit Arora; Krishna K. Aryal; Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Hamid Badali; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Corina Benjet; Isabela M. Bensenor; Noami Berfeld; Mircea Beuran; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Belete Biadgo; Nigus Bililign; Guilherme Borges; Rohan Borschmann; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J. K. Breitborde; Traolach Brugha; Zahid A. Butt; Juan J. Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Ferrán Catalá-López; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Paul I. Dargan; Ahmad Daryani; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Kairat Davletov; Louisa Degenhardt; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Don C. Des Jarlais; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Shirin Djalalinia; Linh Doan; David Teye Doku; Manisha Dubey; Ziad El-Khatib; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Sadaf Esteghamati; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Wubalem Fekadu; Eduarda Fernandes; Alize J. Ferrari; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Kyle J. Foreman; Takeshi Fukumoto; Abadi Kahsu Gebre; Giuseppe Grosso; Rahul Gupta; Juanita A. Haagsma; Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Samer Hamidi; Graeme J. Hankey; Josep Maria Haro; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Simon I. Hay; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Seyed Mostafa Hosseini; Sorin Hostiuc; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Spencer James; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ravi Prakash Jha; Jost B. Jonas; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Rajendra Kadel; Amaha Kahsay; Amir Kasaeian; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Norito Kawakami; Adane Teshome Kefale; Grant Rodgers Kemp; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Ejaz A. Khan; Muhammad Ali Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Jagdish Khubchandani; Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri; Christian Kieling; Young-Eun Kim; Adnan Kisa; Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Ai Koyanagi; Varsha Sarah Krish; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Prabhat Lamichhane; Justin J. Lang; Arman Latifi; Paul H. Lee; Janni Leung; Lee-Ling Lim; Alan D. Lopez; Stefan Lorkowski; Paulo A. Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Raimundas Lunevicius; P. A. Mahesh; Marek Majdan; Reza Majdzadeh; Reza Malekzadeh; Ana-Laura Manda; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Joemer C. Maravilla; Jose Martinez-Raga; Manu Raj Mathur; Pallab K. Maulik; John J. McGrath; Ravi Mehrotra; Tesfa Mekonen; Tesfa Mekonen; Walter Mendoza; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Ted R. Miller; G. K. Mini; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Philip B. Mitchell; Babak Moazen; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Moslem Mohammadi; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Ghobad Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mehdi Moradinazar; Ilais Moreno Velásquez; Naho Morisaki; Shane Douglas Morrison; Marilita M. Moschos; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Ghulam Mustafa; Gabriele Nagel; Aliya Naheed; Gurudatta Naik; Farid Najafi; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Long Hoang Nguyen; Molly R. Nixon; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; null et al

doi:10.1136/bmj.l94

Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Mohsen Naghavi, Heather M. Orpana, Laurie B. Marczak, Megha Arora, Nooshin Abbashi, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Zegeye Abebe, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Mohsen Afarideh, Mahdi Afshari, Alireza Ahmadi, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Nadia Akseer, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Fares Alahdab, Ala'a Alkerwi, Peter Allebeck, Nelson Alvis-GuzmanNahla H. Anber, Mina Anjomshoa, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Amit Arora, Krishna K. Aryal, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Hamid Badali, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Corina Benjet, Isabela M. Bensenor, Noami Berfeld, Mircea Beuran, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Belete Biadgo, Nigus Bililign, Guilherme Borges, Rohan Borschmann, Alexandra Brazinova, Nicholas J. K. Breitborde, Traolach Brugha, Zahid A. Butt, Juan J. Carrero, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Ferrán Catalá-López, Liliana G. Ciobanu, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul I. Dargan, Ahmad Daryani, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Kairat Davletov, Louisa Degenhardt, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Don C. Des Jarlais, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Shirin Djalalinia, Linh Doan, David Teye Doku, Manisha Dubey, Ziad El-Khatib, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Wubalem Fekadu, Eduarda Fernandes, Alize J. Ferrari, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Kyle J. Foreman, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Giuseppe Grosso, Rahul Gupta, Juanita A. Haagsma, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Samer Hamidi, Graeme J. Hankey, Josep Maria Haro, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Simon I. Hay, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Sorin Hostiuc, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Spencer James, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Rajendra Kadel, Amaha Kahsay, Amir Kasaeian, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Norito Kawakami, Adane Teshome Kefale, Grant Rodgers Kemp, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Ejaz A. Khan, Muhammad Ali Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Jagdish Khubchandani, Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri, Christian Kieling, Young-Eun Kim, Adnan Kisa, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Ai Koyanagi, Varsha Sarah Krish, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G. Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Prabhat Lamichhane, Justin J. Lang, Arman Latifi, Paul H. Lee, Janni Leung, Lee-Ling Lim, Alan D. Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A. Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Raimundas Lunevicius, P. A. Mahesh, Marek Majdan, Reza Majdzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Ana-Laura Manda, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Joemer C. Maravilla, Jose Martinez-Raga, Manu Raj Mathur, Pallab K. Maulik, John J. McGrath, Ravi Mehrotra, Tesfa Mekonen, Tesfa Mekonen, Walter Mendoza, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ted R. Miller, G. K. Mini, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Philip B. Mitchell, Babak Moazen, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Moslem Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghobad Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mehdi Moradinazar, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Naho Morisaki, Shane Douglas Morrison, Marilita M. Moschos, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Ghulam Mustafa, Gabriele Nagel, Aliya Naheed, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Molly R. Nixon, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, et al

Western Sydney University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. DESIGN: Systematic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). RESULTS: The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817"‰000 (762"‰000 to 884"‰000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.

Original language	English
Article number	l94
Number of pages	11
Journal	BMJ
Volume	364
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l94
Publication status	Published - 2019

Keywords

suicide
mortality
death

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1136/bmj.l94

Cite this

Naghavi, M., Orpana, H. M., Marczak, L. B., Arora, M., Abbashi, N., Abdulkader, R. S., Abebe, Z., Abraha, H. N., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Ahmadi, A., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Akseer, N., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Alahdab, F., Alkerwi, A., Allebeck, P., ... et al (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. BMJ, 364, Article l94. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l94

@article{b4f11ff719d84e66af2fe81ee243efe3,

title = "Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. DESIGN: Systematic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). RESULTS: The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817{"}‰000 (762{"}‰000 to 884{"}‰000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.",

keywords = "suicide, mortality, death",

author = "Mohsen Naghavi and Orpana, {Heather M.} and Marczak, {Laurie B.} and Megha Arora and Nooshin Abbashi and Abdulkader, {Rizwan Suliankatchi} and Zegeye Abebe and Abraha, {Haftom Niguse} and Mohsen Afarideh and Mahdi Afshari and Alireza Ahmadi and Aichour, {Amani Nidhal} and Ibtihel Aichour and Aichour, {Miloud Taki Eddine} and Nadia Akseer and Al-Raddadi, {Rajaa M.} and Fares Alahdab and Ala'a Alkerwi and Peter Allebeck and Nelson Alvis-Guzman and Anber, {Nahla H.} and Mina Anjomshoa and Antonio, {Carl Abelardo T.} and Amit Arora and Aryal, {Krishna K.} and Asgedom, {Solomon Weldegebreal} and Ashish Awasthi and {Ayala Quintanilla}, {Beatriz Paulina} and Hamid Badali and Barker-Collo, {Suzanne Lyn} and B{\"a}rnighausen, {Till Winfried} and Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi and Corina Benjet and Bensenor, {Isabela M.} and Noami Berfeld and Mircea Beuran and Bhutta, {Zulfiqar A.} and Belete Biadgo and Nigus Bililign and Guilherme Borges and Rohan Borschmann and Alexandra Brazinova and Breitborde, {Nicholas J. K.} and Traolach Brugha and Butt, {Zahid A.} and Carrero, {Juan J.} and Felix Carvalho and Casta{\~n}eda-Orjuela, {Carlos A.} and Ferr{\'a}n Catal{\'a}-L{\'o}pez and Ciobanu, {Liliana G.} and Dachew, {Berihun Assefa} and Lalit Dandona and Rakhi Dandona and Dargan, {Paul I.} and Ahmad Daryani and Davitoiu, {Dragos Virgil} and Kairat Davletov and Louisa Degenhardt and Demoz, {Gebre Teklemariam} and {Des Jarlais}, {Don C.} and Dharmaratne, {Samath Dhamminda} and Shirin Djalalinia and Linh Doan and Doku, {David Teye} and Manisha Dubey and Ziad El-Khatib and Sharareh Eskandarieh and Alireza Esteghamati and Sadaf Esteghamati and Andre Faro and Farshad Farzadfar and Wubalem Fekadu and Eduarda Fernandes and Ferrari, {Alize J.} and Irina Filip and Florian Fischer and Foreman, {Kyle J.} and Takeshi Fukumoto and Gebre, {Abadi Kahsu} and Giuseppe Grosso and Rahul Gupta and Haagsma, {Juanita A.} and Bidgoli, {Hassan Haghparast} and Arvin Haj-Mirzaian and Samer Hamidi and Hankey, {Graeme J.} and Haro, {Josep Maria} and Hassen, {Hamid Yimam} and Hay, {Simon I.} and Behnam Heidari and Delia Hendrie and Rad, {Enayatollah Homaie} and Hosseini, {Seyed Mostafa} and Sorin Hostiuc and Irvani, {Seyed Sina Naghibi} and Islam, {Sheikh Mohammed Shariful} and Mihajlo Jakovljevic and Spencer James and Jayatilleke, {Achala Upendra} and Jha, {Ravi Prakash} and Jonas, {Jost B.} and Jozwiak, {Jacek Jerzy} and Rajendra Kadel and Amaha Kahsay and Amir Kasaeian and Kassa, {Getachew Mullu} and Norito Kawakami and Kefale, {Adane Teshome} and Kemp, {Grant Rodgers} and Khader, {Yousef Saleh} and Khafaie, {Morteza Abdullatif} and Khalil, {Ibrahim A.} and Khan, {Ejaz A.} and Khan, {Muhammad Ali} and Khan, {Muhammad Shahzeb} and Young-Ho Khang and Jagdish Khubchandani and Kiadaliri, {Aliasghar A.} and Christian Kieling and Young-Eun Kim and Adnan Kisa and Knudsen, {Ann Kristin Skrindo} and Yoshihiro Kokubo and Ai Koyanagi and Krish, {Varsha Sarah} and Defo, {Barthelemy Kuate} and Kumar, {G. Anil} and Manasi Kumar and Prabhat Lamichhane and Lang, {Justin J.} and Arman Latifi and Lee, {Paul H.} and Janni Leung and Lee-Ling Lim and Lopez, {Alan D.} and Stefan Lorkowski and Lotufo, {Paulo A.} and Rafael Lozano and Raimundas Lunevicius and Mahesh, {P. A.} and Marek Majdan and Reza Majdzadeh and Reza Malekzadeh and Ana-Laura Manda and Mansournia, {Mohammad Ali} and Mantovani, {Lorenzo Giovanni} and Maravilla, {Joemer C.} and Jose Martinez-Raga and Mathur, {Manu Raj} and Maulik, {Pallab K.} and McGrath, {John J.} and Ravi Mehrotra and Tesfa Mekonen and Tesfa Mekonen and Walter Mendoza and Meretoja, {Tuomo J.} and Tomislav Mestrovic and Miller, {Ted R.} and Mini, {G. K.} and Mirrakhimov, {Erkin M.} and Mitchell, {Philip B.} and Babak Moazen and Mohammad, {Karzan Abdulmuhsin} and Moslem Mohammadi and Shafiu Mohammed and Mokdad, {Ali H.} and Lorenzo Monasta and Mahmood Moosazadeh and Ghobad Moradi and Maziar Moradi-Lakeh and Mehdi Moradinazar and {Moreno Vel{\'a}squez}, Ilais and Naho Morisaki and Morrison, {Shane Douglas} and Moschos, {Marilita M.} and Mousavi, {Seyyed Meysam} and Ghulam Mustafa and Gabriele Nagel and Aliya Naheed and Gurudatta Naik and Farid Najafi and Ionut Negoi and Negoi, {Ruxandra Irina} and Nguyen, {Huong Lan Thi} and Nguyen, {Long Hoang} and Nixon, {Molly R.} and Richard Ofori-Asenso and Ogbo, {Felix Akpojene} and {et al}",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1136/bmj.l94",

language = "English",

volume = "364",

journal = "BMJ",

issn = "0959-535X",

publisher = "BMJ Group",

}

Naghavi, M, Orpana, HM, Marczak, LB, Arora, M, Abbashi, N, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, Z, Abraha, HN, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Ahmadi, A, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akseer, N, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, NH, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arora, A, Aryal, KK, Asgedom, SW, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Badali, H, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berfeld, N, Beuran, M, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgo, B, Bililign, N, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, T, Butt, ZA, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Ciobanu, LG, Dachew, BA, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, Degenhardt, L, Demoz, GT, Des Jarlais, DC, Dharmaratne, SD, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Doku, DT, Dubey, M, El-Khatib, Z, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fekadu, W, Fernandes, E, Ferrari, AJ, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foreman, KJ, Fukumoto, T, Gebre, AK, Grosso, G, Gupta, R, Haagsma, JA, Bidgoli, HH, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Haro, JM, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Heidari, B, Hendrie, D, Rad, EH, Hosseini, SM, Hostiuc, S, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Jayatilleke, AU, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jozwiak, JJ, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, GM, Kawakami, N, Kefale, AT, Kemp, GR, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khan, MA, Khan, MS, Khang, Y-H, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, AA, Kieling, C, Kim, Y-E, Kisa, A, Knudsen, AKS, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Krish, VS, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Lamichhane, P, Lang, JJ, Latifi, A, Lee, PH, Leung, J, Lim, L-L, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Mahesh, PA, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Malekzadeh, R, Manda, A-L, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Maravilla, JC, Martinez-Raga, J, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, McGrath, JJ, Mehrotra, R, Mekonen, T, Mekonen, T, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mitchell, PB, Moazen, B, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morisaki, N, Morrison, SD, Moschos, MM, Mousavi, SM, Mustafa, G, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nguyen, HLT, Nguyen, LH, Nixon, MR, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, FA & et al 2019, 'Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016', BMJ, vol. 364, l94. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l94

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

AU - Naghavi, Mohsen

AU - Orpana, Heather M.

AU - Marczak, Laurie B.

AU - Arora, Megha

AU - Abbashi, Nooshin

AU - Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi

AU - Abebe, Zegeye

AU - Abraha, Haftom Niguse

AU - Afarideh, Mohsen

AU - Afshari, Mahdi

AU - Ahmadi, Alireza

AU - Aichour, Amani Nidhal

AU - Aichour, Ibtihel

AU - Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine

AU - Akseer, Nadia

AU - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.

AU - Alahdab, Fares

AU - Alkerwi, Ala'a

AU - Allebeck, Peter

AU - Alvis-Guzman, Nelson

AU - Anber, Nahla H.

AU - Anjomshoa, Mina

AU - Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.

AU - Arora, Amit

AU - Aryal, Krishna K.

AU - Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal

AU - Awasthi, Ashish

AU - Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina

AU - Badali, Hamid

AU - Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn

AU - Bärnighausen, Till Winfried

AU - Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad

AU - Benjet, Corina

AU - Bensenor, Isabela M.

AU - Berfeld, Noami

AU - Beuran, Mircea

AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.

AU - Biadgo, Belete

AU - Bililign, Nigus

AU - Borges, Guilherme

AU - Borschmann, Rohan

AU - Brazinova, Alexandra

AU - Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.

AU - Brugha, Traolach

AU - Butt, Zahid A.

AU - Carrero, Juan J.

AU - Carvalho, Felix

AU - Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.

AU - Catalá-López, Ferrán

AU - Ciobanu, Liliana G.

AU - Dachew, Berihun Assefa

AU - Dandona, Lalit

AU - Dandona, Rakhi

AU - Dargan, Paul I.

AU - Daryani, Ahmad

AU - Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil

AU - Davletov, Kairat

AU - Degenhardt, Louisa

AU - Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam

AU - Des Jarlais, Don C.

AU - Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda

AU - Djalalinia, Shirin

AU - Doan, Linh

AU - Doku, David Teye

AU - Dubey, Manisha

AU - El-Khatib, Ziad

AU - Eskandarieh, Sharareh

AU - Esteghamati, Alireza

AU - Esteghamati, Sadaf

AU - Faro, Andre

AU - Farzadfar, Farshad

AU - Fekadu, Wubalem

AU - Fernandes, Eduarda

AU - Ferrari, Alize J.

AU - Filip, Irina

AU - Fischer, Florian

AU - Foreman, Kyle J.

AU - Fukumoto, Takeshi

AU - Gebre, Abadi Kahsu

AU - Grosso, Giuseppe

AU - Gupta, Rahul

AU - Haagsma, Juanita A.

AU - Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast

AU - Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin

AU - Hamidi, Samer

AU - Hankey, Graeme J.

AU - Haro, Josep Maria

AU - Hassen, Hamid Yimam

AU - Hay, Simon I.

AU - Heidari, Behnam

AU - Hendrie, Delia

AU - Rad, Enayatollah Homaie

AU - Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa

AU - Hostiuc, Sorin

AU - Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi

AU - Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful

AU - Jakovljevic, Mihajlo

AU - James, Spencer

AU - Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra

AU - Jha, Ravi Prakash

AU - Jonas, Jost B.

AU - Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy

AU - Kadel, Rajendra

AU - Kahsay, Amaha

AU - Kasaeian, Amir

AU - Kassa, Getachew Mullu

AU - Kawakami, Norito

AU - Kefale, Adane Teshome

AU - Kemp, Grant Rodgers

AU - Khader, Yousef Saleh

AU - Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif

AU - Khalil, Ibrahim A.

AU - Khan, Ejaz A.

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AU - et al, null

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - OBJECTIVES: To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. DESIGN: Systematic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). RESULTS: The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817"‰000 (762"‰000 to 884"‰000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.

AB - OBJECTIVES: To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. DESIGN: Systematic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). RESULTS: The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817"‰000 (762"‰000 to 884"‰000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.

KW - suicide

KW - mortality

KW - death

UR - https://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:56570

U2 - 10.1136/bmj.l94

DO - 10.1136/bmj.l94

M3 - Article

SN - 0959-535X

VL - 364

JO - BMJ

JF - BMJ

M1 - l94

ER -

Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016 : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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