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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

  • Theo Vos
  • , Amanuel Alemu Abajobir
  • , Cristiana Abbafati
  • , Kaja M. Abbas
  • , Kalkidan Hassen Abate
  • , Foad Abd-Allah
  • , Abdishakur M. Abdulle
  • , Teshome Abuka Abebo
  • , Semaw Ferede Abera
  • , Victor Aboyans
  • , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
  • , Ilana N. Ackerman
  • , Abdu Abdullahi Adamu
  • , Olatunji Adetokunboh
  • , Mohsen Afarideh
  • , Ashkan Afshin
  • , Sanjay Kumar Agarwal
  • , Rakesh Aggarwal
  • , Anurag Agrawal
  • , Sutapa Agrawal
    • Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Hamid Ahmadieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Sneha Aiyar, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Nadia Akseer, Faris Hasan Al Lami, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Tahiya Alam, Deena Alasfoor, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Raghib Ali, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Ala'a Alkerwi, Francois Alla, Peter Allebeck, Christine Allen, Fatma Al-Maskari, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Shirina Alsowaidi, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Azmeraw T. Amare, Erfan Amini, Walid Ammar, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Hjalte H. Andersen, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Palwasha Anwari, Johan Arnlov, Al Artaman, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Hamid Asayesh, Solomon W. Asgedom, Reza Assadi, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Sachin R. Atre, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Huda Omer Ba Saleem, Umar Bacha, Alaa Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Amitava Banerjee, Marlena S. Bannick, Aleksandra Barac, Ryan M. Barber, Suzanne L. Barker-Collo Suzanne L., Till Baernighausen, Simon Barquera, Lars Barregard, Lope H. Barrero, Sanjay Basu, Bob Battista, Katherine E. Battle, Bernhard T. Baune, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Justin Beardsley, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Yannick Bejot, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Michelle L. Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Jennifer Benson, Adugnaw Berhane, Derbew Fikadu Berhe, Eduardo Bernabe, Balem Demtsu Betsu, Mircea Beuran, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Neeraj Bhala, Anil Bhansali, Samir Bhatt, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Kelly Bienhoff, Boris Bikbov, Charles Birungi, Stan Biryukov, Donal Bisanzio, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Dube Jara Boneya, Soufiane Boufous, Rupert R. A. Bourne, Alexandra Brazinova, Traolach S. Brugha, Rachelle Buchbinder, Lemma Negesa Bulto Bulto, Blair R. Bumgarner, Zahid A. Butt, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Ewan Cameron, Mate Car, Helene Carabin, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Rosario Cardenas, David O. Carpenter, Juan Jesus Carrero, Austin Carter, Felix Carvalho, Daniel C. Casey, Valeria Caso, Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela, Chris D. Castle, Ferran Catala-Lopez, Hsing-Yi Chang, Jung-Chen Chang, Fiona J. Charlson, Honglei Chen, Mirriam Chibalabala, Chioma Ezinne Chibueze, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Abdulaal A. Chitheer, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Liliana G. Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Danny Colombara, Cyrus Cooper, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Michael H. Criqui, John A. Crump, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Koustuv Dalal, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Jose Das Neves, Dragos V. Davitoiu, Barbora De Courten, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Selina Deiparine, Robert P. Dellavalle, Kebede Deribe, Don C. Des Jarlais, Subhojit Dey, Samath D. Dharmaratne, Preet Kaur Dhillon, Daniel Dicker, Eric L. Ding, Shirin Djalalinia, Phuc Do Huyen, E. Ray Dorsey, Kadine Priscila Bender Dos Santos, Dirk Douwes-Schultz, Kerrie E. (Aunty) Doyle, Tim R. Driscoll, Manisha Dubey, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Ziad Ziad El-Khatib, Jerisha Ellerstrand, Ahmadali Enayati, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Holly E. Erskine, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Kara Estep, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel, Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Mir Sohail Fazeli, Valery L. Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Joao C. Fernandes, Alize J. Ferrari, Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Christina Fitzmaurice, Abraham D. Flaxman, Luisa Sorio Flor, Nataliya Foigt, Kyle J. Foreman, Richard C. Franklin, Nancy Fullman, Thomas Furst, Joao M. Furtado, Neal D. Futran, Emmanuela Gakidou, Morsaleh Ganji, Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro, Teshome Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Ayele Geleto, Bikila Lencha Gemechu, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Peter W. Gething, Alireza Ghajar, Katherine B. Gibney, Paramjit Singh Gill, Richard F. Gillum, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi, Ababi Zergay Giref, Melkamu Dedefo Gishu, Giorgia Giussani, William W. Godwin, Audra L. Gold, Ellen M. Goldberg, Philimon N. Gona, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Atsushi Goto, Alessandra Carvalho Goulart, Max Griswold, Harish Chander Gugnani, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Tanush Gupta, Vipin Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Alemayehu Desalegne Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Randah Ribhi Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Alexis J. Handal, Graeme J. Hankey, Yuantao Hao, Hilda L. Harb, Habtamu Abera Hareri, Haro Josep Maria, James Harvey, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Rasmus Havmoeller, Caitlin Hawley, Roderick J. Hay, Simon I. Hay, Nathaniel J. Henry, Heredia-Pi Ileana Beatriz, Pouria Heydarpour, Hans W. Hoek, Howard J. Hoffman, Nobuyuki Horita, H. Dean Hosgood, Sorin Hostiuc, Peter J. Hotez, Damian G. Hoy, Aung Soe Htet, Guoqing Hu, Hsiang Huang, Chantal Huynh, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Ehimario Uche Igumbor, Chad Ikeda, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic, Simerjot K. Jassal, Mehdi Javanbakht, Sudha P. Jayaraman, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Paul N. Jensen, Vivekanand Jha, Guohong Jiang, Denny John, Catherine O. Johnson, Sarah Charlotte Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Mikk Jurisson, Zubair Kabir, Rajendra Kadel, Amaha Kahsay, Ritul Kamal, Haidong Kan, Nadim E. Karam, Andre Karch, Corine Kakizi Karema, Amir Kasaeian, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Nigussie Assefa Kassaw, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Anshul Kastor, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Andre Pascal Kengne, Andre Keren, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Ardeshir Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Christian Kieling, Daniel Kim, Pauline Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Adnan Kisa, Katarzyna A. Kissimova-Skarbek, Mika Kivimaki, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Dhaval Kolte, Jacek A. Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Michael Kravchenko, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Kristopher J. Krohn, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, G. Anil Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Sanjiv Kumar, Hmwe H. Kyu, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Nkurunziza Lambert, Qing Lan, Anders Larsson, Pablo M. Lavados, Janet L. Leasher, Jong-Tae Lee, Paul H. Lee, James Leigh, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Janni Leung, Ricky Leung, Miriam Levi, Yichong Li, Yongmei Li, Kappe Darya Li, Xiaofeng Liang, Misgan Legesse Liben, Stephen S. Lim, Shai Linn, Angela Liu, Patrick Y. Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stephanie J. London, Katharine J. Looker, Alan D. Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A. Lotufo, Nicola Low, Rafael Lozano, Timothy C. D. Lucas, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Razek Hassan Magdy Abd El, Razek Mohammed Magdy Abd El, Mahdi Mahdavi, Marek Majdan, Reza Majdzadeh, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Rajesh Malhotra, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A. Mamun, Helena Manguerra, Treh Manhertz, Ana Mantilla, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Chabila C. Mapoma, Laurie B. Marczak, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo, Ira Martopullo, Winfried Maerz, Manu Raj Mathur, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Madeline McGaughey, John J. McGrath, Martin Mckee, Claire McNellan, Suresh Mehata, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Peter Memiah, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Mubarek Abera Mengistie, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, George A. Mensah, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Renata Micha, Anoushka Millear, Ted R. Miller, Edward J. Mills, Mojde Mirarefin, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Awoke Misganaw, Shiva Raj Mishra, Philip B. Mitchell, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Alireza Mohammadi, Kedir Endris Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Sanjay K. Mohanty, Ali H. Mokdad, Sarah K. Mollenkopf, Lorenzo Monasta, Hernandez Julio Montanez, Marcella Montico, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Rintaro Mori, Chloe Morozoff, Shane D. Morrison, Mark Moses, Cliff Mountjoy-Venning, Kalayu Birhane Mruts, Ulrich O. Mueller, Kate Muller, Michele E. Murdoch, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Jean B. Nachega, Gabriele Nagel, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Kovin S. Naidoo, Luigi Naldi, Vinay Nangia, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Dumessa Edessa Negasa, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Charles R. Newton, Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Emma Nichols, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Sandra Nolte, Minh Nong Vuong, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques N. Noubiap, Martin J. O'Donnell, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Anselm Okoro, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Andrew Toyin Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olagunju, Helen E. Olsen, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Kanyin Ong, John Nelson Opio, Eyal Oren, Alberto Ortiz, Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman, Majdi Osman, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P. A. Mahesh, Rosana E. Pacella, Adrian Pana, Basant Kumar Panda, Christina Papachristou, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D. Parry, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Scott B. Patten, George C. Patton, Katherine Paulson, Neil Pearce, David M. Pereira, Norberto Perico, Konrad Pesudovs, Carrie Beth Peterson, Max Petzold, Michael Robert Phillips, David M. Pigott, Julian David Pillay, Christine Pinho, Dietrich Plass, Martin A. Pletcher, Svetlana Popova, Richie G. Poulton, Farshad Pourmalek, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Narayan Prasad, Noela M. Prasad, Carrie Purcell, Mostafa Qorbani, Reginald Quansah, Rynaz H. S. Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Anwar Rafay, Kazem Rahimi, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-Movagha, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Sasa Rajsic, Usha Ram, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Zane Rankin, Paturi Vishnupriya Rao, Puja C. Rao, Salman Rawaf, Sarah E. Ray, Robert C. Reiner, Nikolas Reinig, Marissa B. Reitsma, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Satar Rezaei, Antonio L. Ribeiro, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Gregory A. Roth, Ambuj Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, George Mugambage Ruhago, Soheil Saadat, Nafis Sadat, Mahdi Safdarian, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Ramesh Sahathevan, Joseph Salama, Joshua A. Salomon, Sundeep Santosh Salvi, Abdallah M. Samy, Juan R. Sanabria, Damian Santomauro, Itamar S. Santos, Joao Vasco Santos, Milena M. Santric Milicevic, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Maria Ines Schmidt, Ione J. C. Schneider, Ben Schoettker, David C. Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Edson E. Servan-Mori, Tesfaye Setegn, Katya Anne Shackelford, Amira Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mansour Shamsipour, Mohammed Shariful Islam Sheikh, Jayendra Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Jun She, Peilin Shi, Chloe Shields, Mika Shigematsu, Yukito Shinohara, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Shreya Shirude, Kawkab Shishani, Mark G. Shrime, Abla Mehio Sibai, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Silva Diego Augusto Santos, Joao Pedro Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Jasvinder A. Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Eirini Skiadaresi, Vegard Skirbekk, Erica Leigh Slepak, Amber Sligar, David L. Smith, Mari Smith, Badr H. A. Sobaih, Eugene Sobngwi, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Sousa Tatiane Cristina Moraes, Luciano A. Sposato, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Vinay Srinivasan, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Nicholas Steel, Dan J. Stein, Murray B. Stein, Caitlyn Steiner, Timothy J. Steiner, Sabine Steinke, Mark Andrew Stokes, Lars Jacob Stovner, Bryan Strub, Michelle Subart, Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Bruno F. Sunguya, Patrick J. Sur, Soumya Swaminathan, Bryan L. Sykes, Dillon O. Sylte, Rafael Tabares-Seisdedo, Getachew Redae Taffere, Jukka S. Takala, Nikhil Tandon, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Nuno Taveira, Hugh R. Taylor, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Tesfalidet Tekelab, Girma Temam Shifa, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Dawit Jember Tesfaye, Belay Tesssema, Ornwipa Thamsuwan, Katie E. Thomas, Amanda G. Thrift, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Mette C. Tollanes, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Miguel Tortajada, Mathilde Touvier, Bach Xuan Tran, Suryakant Tripathi, Christopher Troeger, Thomas Truelsen, Derrick Tsoi, Kald Beshir Tuem, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Chigozie Jesse Uneke, Rachel Updike, Olalekan A. Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Job F. M. Van Boven, Santosh Varughese, Tommi Vasankari, S. Venkatesh, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Ramesh Vidavalur, Francesco S. Violante, Sergey K. Vladimirov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Fiseha Wadilo, Tolassa Wakayo, Yuan-Pang Wang, Marcia Weaver, Scott Weichenthal, Elisabete Weiderpass, Robert G. Weintraub, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Harvey A. Whiteford, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Charles D. A. Wolfe, Rachel Woodbrook, Anthony D. Woolf, Abdulhalik Workicho, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Denis Xavier, Gelin Xu, Simon Yadgir, Mohsen Yaghoubi, Bereket Yakob, Lijing L. Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Pengpeng Ye, Hassen Hamid Yimam, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Marcel Yotebieng, Mustafa Z. Younis, Zoubida Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Elias Asfaw Zegeye, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Xueying Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Ben Zipkin, Sanjay Zodpey, Liesl Joanna Zuhlke, Christopher J. L. Murray

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