Haemodynamics edition of seminars in fetal and neonatal medicine

Haemodynamics or the movement of blood is vital to life and yet, even in adults, it is surprisingly difficult to study. In neonatology and fetal medicine these problems are amplified several times by the pragmatic issues of small size in neonates and both small size and lack of direct access in fetal medicine. In neonatology, we’re good at direct measures of pressure and oxygen levels in the blood stream but have limited means with which to measure the most important determinant of tissue oxygen delivery, which is blood flow.