Heritage building information modeling (HBIM) for heritage conservation: framework of challenges, gaps, and existing limitations of HBIM

This study investigates the pivotal role of Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) in conservation of cultural heritage buildings. Utilizing a systematic literature review and in-depth analysis of 59 studies within 2013–23 period, the study underscores HBIM's capacity to document, analyze, and manage heritage structures. It delineates the workflow from data acquisition through laser scanning and photogrammetry, to the modeling of historic fabric, highlighting the integration of digital technologies in conservation practices. The paper identifies key challenges in HBIM adoption, including technical limitations, the need for specialized skills, and the complexity of accurately modeling historical details. It proposes avenues for future research focused on enhancing data acquisition techniques, improving the interoperability of HBIM with other digital tools, and developing standards for the effective documentation of heritage sites. The findings advocate for a collaborative approach, leveraging HBIM to foster interdisciplinary partnerships between architects, historians, and conservationists, for sustainable preservation of cultural heritage.