TY - JOUR
T1 - High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats
AU - Panchal, Sunil K.
AU - Poudyal, Hemant
AU - Iyer, Abishek
AU - Nazer, Reeza
AU - Alam, Md. Ashraful
AU - Diwan, Vishal
AU - Kauter, Kathleen
AU - Sernia, Conrad
AU - Campbell, Fiona
AU - Ward, Leigh
AU - Gobe, Glenda
AU - Fenning, Andrew
AU - Brown, Lindsay
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is increasing. Development of adequate therapy for metabolic syndrome requires an animal model that mimics the human disease state. Therefore, we have characterized the metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and pancreatic changes in male Wistar rats (8–9 weeks old) fed on a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet including condensed milk (39.5%), beef tallow (20%), and fructose (17.5%) together with 25% fructose in drinking water; control rats were fed a cornstarch diet. During 16 weeks on this diet, rats showed progressive increases in body weight, energy intake, abdominal fat deposition, and abdominal circumference along with impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased plasma leptin and malondialdehyde concentrations. Cardiovascular signs included increased systolic blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction together with inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increased stiffness, and delayed repolarization in the left ventricle of the heart. The liver showed increased wet weight, fat deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis with increased plasma activity of liver enzymes. The kidneys showed inflammation and fibrosis, whereas the pancreas showed increased islet size. In comparison with other models of diabetes and obesity, this diet-induced model more closely mimics the changes observed in human metabolic syndrome.
AB - The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is increasing. Development of adequate therapy for metabolic syndrome requires an animal model that mimics the human disease state. Therefore, we have characterized the metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and pancreatic changes in male Wistar rats (8–9 weeks old) fed on a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet including condensed milk (39.5%), beef tallow (20%), and fructose (17.5%) together with 25% fructose in drinking water; control rats were fed a cornstarch diet. During 16 weeks on this diet, rats showed progressive increases in body weight, energy intake, abdominal fat deposition, and abdominal circumference along with impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased plasma leptin and malondialdehyde concentrations. Cardiovascular signs included increased systolic blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction together with inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increased stiffness, and delayed repolarization in the left ventricle of the heart. The liver showed increased wet weight, fat deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis with increased plasma activity of liver enzymes. The kidneys showed inflammation and fibrosis, whereas the pancreas showed increased islet size. In comparison with other models of diabetes and obesity, this diet-induced model more closely mimics the changes observed in human metabolic syndrome.
KW - cardiovascular system
KW - diet
KW - diseases
KW - metabolic syndrome
KW - obesity
KW - oxidative stress
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:54799
U2 - 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181feb90a
DO - 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181feb90a
M3 - Article
SN - 0160-2446
VL - 57
SP - 611
EP - 624
JO - Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
IS - 5
ER -