High fidelity simulation modalities in preregistration nurse education programs : a scoping review

Background: Simulation has long been utilized as a teaching pedagogy within preregistration nursing curricula and is defined in the Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 2nd Edition as being 'a technique that allows for practice to gain understanding' however, high-fidelity modalities are widely noted as being as close to reality as possible, that is, more authentic, realistic, and reliable. Low, medium, and high-fidelity modalities all have a role within nurse education. Method: This literature review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting scoping reviews and is reporting according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The search strategy returned 1136 results and resulted in 69 studies included in the review. Five simulation modalities were identified as high-fidelity modalities currently in use within preregistration nurse education; (a) high-fidelity patient simulator manikins, (b) Mask Ed, (c) simulated patients, (d) virtual and online platforms, and (e) Role play. Conclusion: The literature identifies multiple high-fidelity simulation modalities currently in use within the preregistration nurse education setting. Single modality and hybrid simulations are known to positively contribute to learning and authentically reflect the healthcare environment.