Home caregiving, early learning and developmental outcomes among preschool-aged children in Fiji

There is limited early childhood development (ECD) research in Fiji. This study aimed to describe the associations between home caregiving, learning opportunities, socio-demographic factors, and the early development of children aged 24–59 months. Data were drawn from the 2021 Fiji UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, which included the 20-item Early Childhood Development Index 2030. Of the 1182 eligible children, 81% were developmentally on track. We tested the associations between ECD and 24 explanatory factors using hierarchical linear regression. Better development scores were linked to being female, older, and having three or more books in the home. Scores were lower for children in the Northern division, from poorer wealth quintiles, and receiving minimal positive parenting. The final model, which included home caregiving and learning factors, had the strongest explanatory power (R² = 27%). Targeted programs addressing disparities and improving access to parenting programs and early learning resources could enhance child development.