How is primary care nursing embedded in nursing undergraduate curricula: a mixed-method study from four countries

Introduction: Given the increase in the primary care nursing workforce and the need to further grow nursing roles in the community understanding how this is included in undergraduate education is important. This study aimed to explore the inclusion of primary care in the undergraduate nursing education curriculum of four countries. Method: A mixed-method design was employed to obtain a broader context of primary care nursing in nursing education and teaching approaches relating to primary care nursing. Subsequently, Australia, Canada, Spain, and Ireland were selected for this study because primary healthcare systems are established as a part of their healthcare system. Results: In total, 136 nursing faculties (40 in Australia, 35 in Canada, 46 in Spain, and 15 in Ireland) were invited to participate in this study. Of these, 27 responses were obtained (19.8% response rate). Following the survey phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants. The results indicated that the highest number was coded within the theme of "Understanding of PHC in the curriculum" (n = 108). The second highest number (n = 87) was within the theme of "Interpretation differences of PHC in curriculum," and the third highest (n = 31) was coded within "Policy impact on health by national government and others.". Conclusion: The results emphasized the ambiguity of primary care within the undergraduate nursing curriculum and that interpretation and implementation into the curriculum largely depended on the school's intentions.