Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment

Pynthamil Kajanan; Zuhaib Siddiqui; Dharmappa Hagare; Ayesha Rafique

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment

Pynthamil Kajanan
, Zuhaib Siddiqui
, Dharmappa Hagare
, Ayesha Rafique

School of Engineering

Western Sydney University

Research output: Chapter in Book / Conference Paper › Chapter › peer-review

Abstract

The increasing generation of food and garden organics (FOGO) in municipal waste streams demands effective treatment solutions that support biogas recovery and environmental sustainability. This research investigates the hydrolysis kinetics of FOGO under mesophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) conditions using a modelling-based approach. Five co-digestion batches with varying food-to-garden waste ratios were analysed using first-order kinetics and the Modified Gompertz model. The first-order kinetic model yielded consistent hydrolysis rate constants (0.0744–0.0881 day⁻¹), demonstrating greater accuracy in mixtures with a higher proportion of food waste. However, the model exhibited reduced accuracy in batches with higher proportions of garden waste, attributed to the complex and non-linear degradation behaviour of lignocellulosic components. The Modified Gompertz model provided better predictive performance by effectively capturing lag phases and sequential methane production in both two- and three-phase configurations. Among all batches, FG29 (40% food waste, 60% garden waste) exhibited the most consistent and stable hydrolysis behaviour throughout the digestion process. These results highlight the critical role of substrate composition in governing hydrolysis dynamics and determining the appropriateness of kinetic model selection. The outcomes contribute to improved process design and optimisation of co-digestion systems treating heterogeneous organic waste under high-solids conditions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025
Editors	Ataur Rahman, Taha B. M. J. Ouarda, Muhammad Muhitur Rahman, Dharma Hagare, Zuhaib Siddiqui
Place of Publication	Switzerland
Publisher	Springer
Pages	807-813
Number of pages	7
ISBN (Electronic)	9783032187086
ISBN (Print)	9783032187079
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71
Publication status	Published - 2026
Event	International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering - Sydney, Australia Duration: 19 Nov 2025 → 21 Nov 2025 Conference number: 4th

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Volume	822 LNCE
ISSN (Print)	2366-2557
ISSN (Electronic)	2366-2565

Conference

Conference	International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering
Abbreviated title	iCWEE
Country/Territory	Australia
City	Sydney
Period	19/11/25 → 21/11/25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Keywords

Anaerobic digestion
Co-digestion
FOGO
High-solids digestion
Hydrolysis kinetics
Modified Gompertz model

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

Cite this

Kajanan, P., Siddiqui, Z., Hagare, D., & Rafique, A. (2026). Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment. In A. Rahman, T. B. M. J. Ouarda, M. Muhitur Rahman, D. Hagare, & Z. Siddiqui (Eds.), 4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025 (pp. 807-813). (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Vol. 822 LNCE). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

Kajanan, Pynthamil ; Siddiqui, Zuhaib ; Hagare, Dharmappa et al. / Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment. 4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025. editor / Ataur Rahman ; Taha B. M. J. Ouarda ; Muhammad Muhitur Rahman ; Dharma Hagare ; Zuhaib Siddiqui. Switzerland : Springer, 2026. pp. 807-813 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering).

@inbook{137e235ca8944dbeb10b58a3358c6138,

title = "Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment",

abstract = "The increasing generation of food and garden organics (FOGO) in municipal waste streams demands effective treatment solutions that support biogas recovery and environmental sustainability. This research investigates the hydrolysis kinetics of FOGO under mesophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) conditions using a modelling-based approach. Five co-digestion batches with varying food-to-garden waste ratios were analysed using first-order kinetics and the Modified Gompertz model. The first-order kinetic model yielded consistent hydrolysis rate constants (0.0744{\textendash}0.0881 day−1), demonstrating greater accuracy in mixtures with a higher proportion of food waste. However, the model exhibited reduced accuracy in batches with higher proportions of garden waste, attributed to the complex and non-linear degradation behaviour of lignocellulosic components. The Modified Gompertz model provided better predictive performance by effectively capturing lag phases and sequential methane production in both two- and three-phase configurations. Among all batches, FG29 (40\% food waste, 60\% garden waste) exhibited the most consistent and stable hydrolysis behaviour throughout the digestion process. These results highlight the critical role of substrate composition in governing hydrolysis dynamics and determining the appropriateness of kinetic model selection. The outcomes contribute to improved process design and optimisation of co-digestion systems treating heterogeneous organic waste under high-solids conditions.",

keywords = "Anaerobic digestion, Co-digestion, FOGO, High-solids digestion, Hydrolysis kinetics, Modified Gompertz model",

author = "Pynthamil Kajanan and Zuhaib Siddiqui and Dharmappa Hagare and Ayesha Rafique",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6\_71",

language = "English",

isbn = "9783032187079",

series = "Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering",

publisher = "Springer",

pages = "807--813",

editor = "Ataur Rahman and Ouarda, \{Taha B. M. J.\} and \{Muhitur Rahman\}, Muhammad and Dharma Hagare and Zuhaib Siddiqui",

booktitle = "4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025",

note = "International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering, iCWEE ; Conference date: 19-11-2025 Through 21-11-2025",

}

Kajanan, P, Siddiqui, Z , Hagare, D & Rafique, A 2026, Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment. in A Rahman, TBMJ Ouarda, M Muhitur Rahman, D Hagare & Z Siddiqui (eds), 4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol. 822 LNCE, Springer, Switzerland, pp. 807-813, International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering, Sydney, Australia, 19/11/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment. / Kajanan, Pynthamil; Siddiqui, Zuhaib ; Hagare, Dharmappa et al.
4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025. ed. / Ataur Rahman; Taha B. M. J. Ouarda; Muhammad Muhitur Rahman; Dharma Hagare; Zuhaib Siddiqui. Switzerland: Springer, 2026. p. 807-813 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Vol. 822 LNCE).

Research output: Chapter in Book / Conference Paper › Chapter › peer-review

TY - CHAP

T1 - Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment

AU - Kajanan, Pynthamil

AU - Siddiqui, Zuhaib

AU - Hagare, Dharmappa

AU - Rafique, Ayesha

N1 - Conference code: 4th

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - The increasing generation of food and garden organics (FOGO) in municipal waste streams demands effective treatment solutions that support biogas recovery and environmental sustainability. This research investigates the hydrolysis kinetics of FOGO under mesophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) conditions using a modelling-based approach. Five co-digestion batches with varying food-to-garden waste ratios were analysed using first-order kinetics and the Modified Gompertz model. The first-order kinetic model yielded consistent hydrolysis rate constants (0.0744–0.0881 day−1), demonstrating greater accuracy in mixtures with a higher proportion of food waste. However, the model exhibited reduced accuracy in batches with higher proportions of garden waste, attributed to the complex and non-linear degradation behaviour of lignocellulosic components. The Modified Gompertz model provided better predictive performance by effectively capturing lag phases and sequential methane production in both two- and three-phase configurations. Among all batches, FG29 (40% food waste, 60% garden waste) exhibited the most consistent and stable hydrolysis behaviour throughout the digestion process. These results highlight the critical role of substrate composition in governing hydrolysis dynamics and determining the appropriateness of kinetic model selection. The outcomes contribute to improved process design and optimisation of co-digestion systems treating heterogeneous organic waste under high-solids conditions.

AB - The increasing generation of food and garden organics (FOGO) in municipal waste streams demands effective treatment solutions that support biogas recovery and environmental sustainability. This research investigates the hydrolysis kinetics of FOGO under mesophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) conditions using a modelling-based approach. Five co-digestion batches with varying food-to-garden waste ratios were analysed using first-order kinetics and the Modified Gompertz model. The first-order kinetic model yielded consistent hydrolysis rate constants (0.0744–0.0881 day−1), demonstrating greater accuracy in mixtures with a higher proportion of food waste. However, the model exhibited reduced accuracy in batches with higher proportions of garden waste, attributed to the complex and non-linear degradation behaviour of lignocellulosic components. The Modified Gompertz model provided better predictive performance by effectively capturing lag phases and sequential methane production in both two- and three-phase configurations. Among all batches, FG29 (40% food waste, 60% garden waste) exhibited the most consistent and stable hydrolysis behaviour throughout the digestion process. These results highlight the critical role of substrate composition in governing hydrolysis dynamics and determining the appropriateness of kinetic model selection. The outcomes contribute to improved process design and optimisation of co-digestion systems treating heterogeneous organic waste under high-solids conditions.

KW - Anaerobic digestion

KW - Co-digestion

KW - FOGO

KW - High-solids digestion

KW - Hydrolysis kinetics

KW - Modified Gompertz model

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031897704

UR - https://go.openathens.net/redirector/westernsydney.edu.au?url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

DO - 10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

M3 - Chapter

AN - SCOPUS:105031897704

SN - 9783032187079

T3 - Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

SP - 807

EP - 813

BT - 4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025

A2 - Rahman, Ataur

A2 - Ouarda, Taha B. M. J.

A2 - Muhitur Rahman, Muhammad

A2 - Hagare, Dharma

A2 - Siddiqui, Zuhaib

PB - Springer

CY - Switzerland

T2 - International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering

Y2 - 19 November 2025 through 21 November 2025

ER -

Kajanan P, Siddiqui Z , Hagare D, Rafique A. Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment. In Rahman A, Ouarda TBMJ, Muhitur Rahman M, Hagare D, Siddiqui Z, editors, 4th International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of iCWEE 2025. Switzerland: Springer. 2026. p. 807-813. (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-18708-6_71

Hydrolysis study of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) using anaerobic digester (AD) batch experiment

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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