Impact of fly-ash on carbon emissions in different concrete grades

![CDATA[Concrete is one of the most used construction materials; however, it contributes to about 7% of all carbon emissions. Various supplementary cementitious materials such as flyash have been considered to enhance concrete performance. There is a limitation of studies that address the influence of fly-ash on carbon reduction in different grades of concrete. Hence, the aim of this study is to analyse the impacts of fly-ash in concrete on carbon emissions in construction projects. A comparison between carbon emissions of portland cement concrete projects and fly-ash concrete projects was conducted using data collected from 20 construction projects in New South Wales, Australia. The results showed that higher the grade of concrete used, higher the carbon dioxide emissions, due to the increase of portland cement needed to achieve the higher grades of concrete. Introducing fly-ash to the concrete mix showed a significant reduction in carbon emissions. However, from the financial perspective, it was found that the rate per cubic metre of fly-ash concrete is 2.1% more expensive than standard concrete mixes. Therefore, the idea of adopting fly-ash into the concrete mix may not deliver cost savings as expected. Overall, this study provided clear insight into the effects of concrete usage on the environment and ways to reduce carbon emission.]]