Implementation and scale-up of school-based physical activity interventions

Therefore, in this chapter we seek first to introduce the implementation continuum, different pathways to scale-up and types of scale-up. Second, we tackle key issues related to implementation and scale-up, as they apply to physical activity innovations in the school setting. Within this section, we provide working definitions for common terminology (e.g. implementation science, scalability and scale-up). In addition, we present relevant implementation and scale-up conceptual models and frameworks, and process frameworks that apply to scale-up of physical activity interventions/innovations in the school setting. Outcomes and determinants relevant for evaluating implementation in the school setting are also introduced within this part of the chapter. Third, we offer recommendations for researchers/practitioners, providing the reader with examples of school-based interventions that have progressed through to scale-up. Sustainability and institutionalization are also briefly discussed, as the ultimate end goal of implementation and scale-up research. By chapters end, we hope that readers, whose research encompasses physical activity promotion in the broader school community setting, will take away, think about and adopt learnings to guide them toward bridging the know-do-scale-up gap.