Increasing active travel to school : are we on the right track? : a cluster randomised controlled trial from Sydney, Australia

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a program to increase walking to and from school. Design: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting: 24 primary public schools in inner west Sydney, Australia. Participants: 1996 students aged 10-12 years and their parents. Intervention: A two-year multi-component program included classroom activities, development of school Travel Access Guides, parent newsletters and improving environments with local councils. Measures: Two measures were used: a survey completed by students on how they travelled to and from school over five days, and a survey completed by their parents on how their child travelled to and from school in a usual week. Results: The percentage of students who walked to and from school increased in both the intervention and control schools. Data from parent surveys found that 28.8% of students in the intervention group increased their walking, compared with 19% in the control group (a net increase of 9.8%, p = 0.05). However this effect was not evident in the student data. Conclusion: The study produced a mixed result, with a high variation in travel patterns from school to school. Intervention research should address the complexity of multiple factors influencing student travel to school with a focus on changing local environments and parents' travel to work.