TY - JOUR
T1 - Interrelations between cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease : behavioral and neural studies
AU - Moustafa, Ahmed A.
AU - Chakravarthy, Srinivasa
AU - Phillips, Joseph R.
AU - Crouse, Jacob J.
AU - Gupta, Ankur
AU - Frank, Michael J.
AU - Hall, Julie M.
AU - Jahanshahi, Marjan
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity), PD patients also show other motor deficits, including gait disturbance, speech deficits, and impaired handwriting. However, along with these key motor symptoms, PD patients also experience cognitive deficits in attention, executive function, working memory, and learning. Recent evidence suggests that these motor and cognitive deficits of PD are not completely dissociable, as aspects of cognitive dysfunction can impact motor performance in PD. In this article, we provide a review of behavioral and neural studies on the associations between motor symptoms and cognitive deficits in PD, specifically akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, gait, handwriting, precision grip, and speech production. This review paves the way for providing a framework for understanding how treatment of cognitive dysfunction, for example cognitive rehabilitation programs, may in turn influence the motor symptoms of PD.
AB - Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity), PD patients also show other motor deficits, including gait disturbance, speech deficits, and impaired handwriting. However, along with these key motor symptoms, PD patients also experience cognitive deficits in attention, executive function, working memory, and learning. Recent evidence suggests that these motor and cognitive deficits of PD are not completely dissociable, as aspects of cognitive dysfunction can impact motor performance in PD. In this article, we provide a review of behavioral and neural studies on the associations between motor symptoms and cognitive deficits in PD, specifically akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, gait, handwriting, precision grip, and speech production. This review paves the way for providing a framework for understanding how treatment of cognitive dysfunction, for example cognitive rehabilitation programs, may in turn influence the motor symptoms of PD.
KW - Parkinson's disease
KW - cognition
KW - gait disorders
KW - speech
UR - http://handle.westernsydney.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:38223
U2 - 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0070
DO - 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0070
M3 - Article
SN - 0334-1763
VL - 27
SP - 535
EP - 548
JO - Reviews in the Neurosciences
JF - Reviews in the Neurosciences
IS - 5
ER -