TY - JOUR
T1 - Intervention effects and mediators of well-being in a school-based physical activity program for adolescents : the 'Resistance Training for Teens' cluster RCT
AU - Smith, Jordan J.
AU - Beauchamp, Mark R.
AU - Faulkner, Guy
AU - Morgan, Philip J.
AU - Kennedy, Sarah G.
AU - Lubans, David R.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Objective: To examine the impact of a school-based physical activity intervention on adolescents' self-esteem and subjective well-being, and to explore moderators and mediators of intervention effects. Methods: Resistance Training for Teens was evaluated using a cluster RCT in 16 schools located in New South Wales, Australia. Adolescents (N = 508; 14.1 ± 0.5 years; 49.6% female) completed measures of global self-esteem, subjective well-being, and hypothesized mediators (i.e., perceived fitness, resistance training self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation) at baseline (April-June, 2015) and post-intervention (October-December). The school-based physical activity program was delivered by teachers over 10-weeks via Physical Education, co-curricular school sport, or an elective subject known as Physical Activity and Sport Studies, and involved once-weekly fitness sessions and additional lunch-time sessions. Intervention effects and moderator analyses were tested using multi-level linear regression analyses with interaction terms. Multi-level mediation analyses were used to explore potential mediators of changes in well-being outcomes. Results: Intervention effects for self-esteem (β = 0.05, p = .194) and wellbeing (β = 0.03, p = .509) were not statistically significant. Moderator analyses showed effects for self-esteem were greater for the overweight/obese subgroup (p = .069 for interaction), and resistance training self-efficacy was a significant mediator of changes in self-esteem (product-of-coefficients [AB] = 0.021, SE = 0.010, 95% CIs = 0.002 to 0.040). No other significant indirect effects were observed. Conclusion: Overall, Resistance Training for Teens did not improve adolescents' self-esteem or subjective wellbeing. However, our mediation findings lend support to resistance training self-efficacy as a mechanism explaining the positive effect of resistance training on self-esteem.
AB - Objective: To examine the impact of a school-based physical activity intervention on adolescents' self-esteem and subjective well-being, and to explore moderators and mediators of intervention effects. Methods: Resistance Training for Teens was evaluated using a cluster RCT in 16 schools located in New South Wales, Australia. Adolescents (N = 508; 14.1 ± 0.5 years; 49.6% female) completed measures of global self-esteem, subjective well-being, and hypothesized mediators (i.e., perceived fitness, resistance training self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation) at baseline (April-June, 2015) and post-intervention (October-December). The school-based physical activity program was delivered by teachers over 10-weeks via Physical Education, co-curricular school sport, or an elective subject known as Physical Activity and Sport Studies, and involved once-weekly fitness sessions and additional lunch-time sessions. Intervention effects and moderator analyses were tested using multi-level linear regression analyses with interaction terms. Multi-level mediation analyses were used to explore potential mediators of changes in well-being outcomes. Results: Intervention effects for self-esteem (β = 0.05, p = .194) and wellbeing (β = 0.03, p = .509) were not statistically significant. Moderator analyses showed effects for self-esteem were greater for the overweight/obese subgroup (p = .069 for interaction), and resistance training self-efficacy was a significant mediator of changes in self-esteem (product-of-coefficients [AB] = 0.021, SE = 0.010, 95% CIs = 0.002 to 0.040). No other significant indirect effects were observed. Conclusion: Overall, Resistance Training for Teens did not improve adolescents' self-esteem or subjective wellbeing. However, our mediation findings lend support to resistance training self-efficacy as a mechanism explaining the positive effect of resistance training on self-esteem.
UR - https://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:60262
U2 - 10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.08.002
DO - 10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.08.002
M3 - Article
SN - 1755-2966
VL - 15
SP - 88
EP - 94
JO - Mental Health and Physical Activity
JF - Mental Health and Physical Activity
ER -