Interventions that support breastfeeding for women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication associated with reduced breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding interventions are essential in supporting women with GDM. This review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions that support breastfeeding among women with GDM. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and CENTRAL (2000–2024). Quality was assessed using JBI checklist, and risk bias RoB2. Results: Eighteen studies were included, covering education, lifestyle support, and breastfeeding preparation. Interventions delivered by health professionals during prenatal, antenatal, and postnatal care improved exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.5–3.33, p = .005), 3–4 months (OR 2.05, CI 1.03–4.09, p = .04), and 6 months (OR 2.41, CI 1.48–3.93, p < .001), and any breastfeeding at birth and 6 months. Discussion: Educational, supportive, and culturally tailored interventions positively influenced exclusive and any breastfeeding among women with GDM. Interactive communication played a key role in breastfeeding support.