Leisure-time physical activity motives and gains for individuals with spinal cord injury: a qualitative study

Objective: To explore the motives for, and perceived gains from, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This qualitative study consisted of six focus groups, each comprising six individuals. We used a phenomenological theoretical approach to describe the experiences of those living with an SCI when engaging in LTPA. Purposive participant selection was used to ensure participants were proportionately represented from the broader Australian population with an SCI. Data was analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results: A total of nine themes were identified in the analysis. Four themes pertained to motives, three to perceived gains, and two to both motives and perceived gains. Whilst health promotion and prevention of injury and illness were frequently reported as both motives for and gains from LTPA, other psychosocial aspects had a significant influence over LTPA behaviour for people with SCI. These included positive, preventive physical changes, a sense of autonomy and reduced burden on those around them, rebuilding identity, and a sense of belonging and inclusion. Conclusions: The motives for, and perceived gains of, participation in LTPA among people with SCI encompassed multiple physical and psychosocial health domains, extending beyond the commonly assumed physical health improvements. Service providers should harness the biopsychosocial influences identified in this study and incorporate them into interventions that include behaviour modification to increase engagement in LTPA among this sedentary population.