Listening and speech perception

Second-language (L2) phonemes are perceived automatically in terms of native-language (L1) phonological categories. This may support perception of some L2 phonemes, but it may also lead to difficulties in perceiving the differences between others. Successful L2 communication is possible despite speech perception that is poorly tuned to the L2, but research points to clear benefits for L2 listening when L2 phonological categories are perceived accurately. This chapter will outline the factors influencing the likelihood of successful reattunement to the L2 and outline some of the benefits and challenges of incorporating speech perception training into pedagogical listening practice.