TY - JOUR
T1 - Management of metastatic anal cancer
AU - Choi, Joseph Do Woong
AU - Shah, Devansh
AU - El-Khoury, Toufic
AU - Pathma-Nathan, Nimalan
AU - Toh, James Wei Tatt
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Metastatic SCCA is rare, with less than 10% of patients with metastatic disease at the index presentation of anal cancer. 10% to 20% developing metastatic recurrence after initial treatment with chemoradiotherapy. Metastasis is suspected in patients with red flag symptoms/signs who have a prior history of SCCA, risk factors for HPV/HIV infection, or those who are immunosuppressed. Diagnosis is established with biopsy, CT, and PET scans. The management of metastatic SCCA should involve a multidisciplinary team, with first-line treatment being chemotherapy, and second-line treatment involving immunotherapy. Identification of predictive biomarkers may personalize treatment options in the future. Ongoing clinical trials involving chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination, adoptive cellular therapy and vaccine therapy may challenge current treatment options in the future.
AB - Metastatic SCCA is rare, with less than 10% of patients with metastatic disease at the index presentation of anal cancer. 10% to 20% developing metastatic recurrence after initial treatment with chemoradiotherapy. Metastasis is suspected in patients with red flag symptoms/signs who have a prior history of SCCA, risk factors for HPV/HIV infection, or those who are immunosuppressed. Diagnosis is established with biopsy, CT, and PET scans. The management of metastatic SCCA should involve a multidisciplinary team, with first-line treatment being chemotherapy, and second-line treatment involving immunotherapy. Identification of predictive biomarkers may personalize treatment options in the future. Ongoing clinical trials involving chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination, adoptive cellular therapy and vaccine therapy may challenge current treatment options in the future.
KW - Anal cancer
KW - Chemotherapy
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Metastatic
KW - Squamous cell carcinoma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85203540392&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.soc.2024.08.001
DO - 10.1016/j.soc.2024.08.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 39547770
AN - SCOPUS:85203540392
SN - 1055-3207
VL - 34
SP - 69
EP - 81
JO - Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
JF - Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
IS - 1
ER -