Microalgae in the context of One Health

One Health represents an integrated approach aimed at harmonizing and enhancing the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Considering global health threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic, this approach is crucial for prevention, prediction, detection, and global response. By fostering collaboration across diverse sectors, disciplines, and communities, innovative solutions can be developed to address underlying causes and establish sustainable, long-term measures. Within this framework, microalgae emerge as promising contributors aligned with the principles of One Health. These photosynthetic organisms offer a wealth of benefits, including sustainable proteins, healthy lipids, and bioactive compounds with potential antiaging and anticancer properties. Integration of microalgae into animal health and nutrition enhances overall well-being. Microalgae, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, exhibit remarkable efficiency in converting solar energy into biomass and thrive in diverse environmental conditions. Their role in aquatic ecosystem balance and potential as a renewable energy source, including biofuel production and carbon dioxide sequestration, underscores their significance. As we confront present and future health challenges, microalgae present viable solutions within the One Health paradigm. This chapter aims to illuminate the multifaceted contributions of microalgae to the overarching concept of One Health, emphasizing their potential to advance human, animal, and environmental well-being.