Mokken scaling analysis of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in individuals with cardiovascular disease

Theodore D. Cosco, Frank Doyle, Roger Watson, Mark Ward, Hannah McGee

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    26 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Objective: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a prolifically used scale of anxiety and depression. The original bidimensional anxiety-depression latent structure of the HADS has come under significant scrutiny, with previous studies revealing one-, two-, three- and four-dimensional structures. The current study examines the latent structure of the HADS using a non-parametric item response theory method. Method: Using data conglomerated from four independent studies of cardiovascular disease employing the HADS (n=893), Mokken scaling procedure was conducted to assess the latent structure of the HADS. Results: A single scale consisting of 12 of 14 HADS items was revealed, indicating a unidimensional latent HADS structure. Discussion: The HADS was initially intended to measure mutually exclusive levels of anxiety and depression; however, the current study indicates that a single dimension of general psychological distress is captured.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)167-172
    Number of pages6
    JournalGeneral Hospital Psychiatry
    Volume34
    Issue number2
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2012

    Keywords

    • anxiety
    • cardiovascular system
    • depression
    • item response theory
    • psychometrics

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