Multi-method systematic observation : theory and practice

There is a potential for growth in the use of observation methods among researchers who seek meaning as well as generalization from their research endeavours. Systematic methods of observation allow nuanced and accurate information about behavioural processes to be collected. This chapter argues that systematic observation is under-utilized as a research tool despite the value that it can provide. The chapter discusses the components to be considered in designing systematic observation and demonstrates this process via research into the processes of networking at professional events. This involves many methods of information capture, including multiple forms of observation, multiple observer roles that allow for investigation of differing perspectives of networking processes, the nature of the protocols that guide data capture and the interrelated components of observation. Also considered are the outcomes of multi-method systematic observation, such as the kinds of information emerging from the various methods and the insights provided through the co-analysis of these different methods. While we take a critical realist stance, the methods described are applicable beyond critical realism to those of other stances from positivists to interpretivists.